Abstract
The assumption that units of speech production bear a one-to-one relationship to speech motor actions pervades otherwise widely varying theories of speech motor behavior. This speech production and simulation study demonstrates that commonly occurring flap sequences may violate this assumption. In the word "Saturday," a sequence of three sounds may be produced using a single, cyclic motor action. Under this view, the initial upward tongue tip motion, starting with the first vowel and moving to contact the hard palate on the way to a retroflex position, is under active muscular control, while the downward movement of the tongue tip, including the second contact with the hard palate, results from gravity and elasticity during tongue muscle relaxation. This sequence is reproduced using a three-dimensional computer simulation of human vocal tract biomechanics and differs greatly from other observed sequences for the same word, which employ multiple targeted speech motor actions. This outcome suggests that a goal of a speaker is to produce an entire sequence in a biomechanically efficient way at the expense of maintaining parity within the individual parts of the sequence.
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Aug 30, 2019·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Benjamin Parrell, John Houde
May 10, 2019·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Benjamin ParrellThomas F Quatieri
Dec 11, 2020·Language and Speech·Chenhao Chiu, Yu-An Lu
Aug 18, 2021·Scientific Reports·Donald Derrick, Bryan Gick