Thrombogenicity of TNF alpha in rheumatoid arthritis defined through biological probes: TNF alpha blockers

Autoimmunity Reviews
Gianfranco Ferraccioli, E Gremese

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease at high cardiovascular risk. It has recently been shown that RA patients with more than 10 years disease duration present a risk of myocardial infarction more than three times higher than osteoarthritis controls. The major determinant is thought to be the chronic inflammatory process, driven by some key cytokines among which TNF alpha is thought to play the leading role in the majority of the patients. TNFalpha, therefore, once blocked by specific inhibitors like TNF alpha blockers (Infliximab, Etanercept) should profoundly decrease the cardiovascular risk. However, TNF blockers induce the appearance of autoimmunity though in a small minority of the patients. This autoimmunity is thought to be due to the poor clearance of apoptotic bodies once the systemic inflammation (CRP, SAP) is controlled by the specific blockers, and to the lack of control of some B cell populations producing autoantibodies to specific autoantigens. Among the autoantibodies arising during TNF blockade, anticardiolipin appear to be the most crucial with respect to the cardiovascular risk. The appearance of anticardiolipins at clinically significant levels appears to be driven by two possible mechanisms, one due to common i...Continue Reading

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Oct 12, 2011·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Hideo YoshidaD Neil Granger
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