Thymol has antifungal activity against Candida albicans during infection and maintains the innate immune response required for function of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

Immunologic Research
Chengjie ShuWeiming Zhang

Abstract

The Caenorhabditis elegans model can be used to study Candida albicans virulence and host immunity, as well as to identify plant-derived natural products to use against C. albicans. Thymol is a hydrophobic phenol compound from the aromatic plant thyme. In this study, the in vitro data demonstrated concentration-dependent thymol inhibition of both C. albicans growth and biofilm formation during different developmental phases. With the aid of the C. elegans system, we performed in vivo assays, and our results further showed the ability of thymol to increase C. elegans life span during infection, inhibit C. albicans colony formation in the C. elegans intestine, and increase the expression levels of host antimicrobial genes. Moreover, among the genes that encode the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, mutation of the pmk-1 or sek-1 gene decreased the beneficial effects of thymol's antifungal activity against C. albicans and thymol's maintenance of the innate immune response in nematodes. Western blot data showed the level of phosphorylation of pmk-1 was dramatically decreased against C. albicans. In nematodes, treatment with thymol recovered the dysregulation of pmk-1 and sek-1 gene expressions, the phosphorylation level of PMK-1 caused by...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 23, 2014·International Immunopharmacology·Wei ZhuSixiang Zou
Feb 16, 2018·BioMed Research International·Xin LiuLongfei Yang
Jun 15, 2018·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Jian JuWeirong Yao
Oct 28, 2019·Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry·Ajay KumarDharmendra Saikia
Aug 8, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Jéssica Diane Dos SantosJuliana Campos Junqueira
Oct 31, 2017·Frontiers in Microbiology·Diana L Zuza-AlvesGuilherme M Chaves
Jun 3, 2021·Journal of Fungi·Tomasz M KarpińskiArtur Adamczak
Jul 26, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Liang-Bin HuXiaohui Zhou

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