Thyroid eye disease

Neurologic Clinics
Kimberly P Cockerham, Stephanie S Chan

Abstract

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common cause of proptosis in adults, and should always be a consideration in patients with unexplained diplopia, pain, or optic nerve dysfunction. At least 80% of TED is associated with Graves disease (GD), and at least 50% of patients with GD develop clinically evident symptomatic TED. The most confusing patients for doctors of all subspecialties are the patients with eye symptoms and signs that precede serum evidence of a thyroid imbalance. Management of TED may include immunosuppressive medications, radiation, or surgery. Although the prognosis for optic nerve function is excellent, the restrictive dysmotility can result in permanent disability. Orbit and eyelid reconstruction are reserved for stable, inactive patients and are the final steps in minimizing facial alterations and enhancing the patient's daily functioning.

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Citations

Dec 14, 2011·Endocrinología y nutrición : órgano de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición·Inés Seoane CruzReyes Luna Cano
Apr 6, 2017·The Neuroradiology Journal·Ahmed Ak Abdel RazekAmr A El-Said
Mar 25, 2020·International Ophthalmology Clinics·Jordan D Deaner, Joseph N Giacometti
May 10, 2017·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Yali ZhangRuiFang Xie
Jul 22, 2018·JAMA Ophthalmology·Lindsay Machen, Peter MacIntosh

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