Thyroid function during pregnancy and the postpartum period: iodine metabolism and disease states.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
M L Fernández-SotoJ A López-Medina

Abstract

To review various aspects of thyroid function during and early after pregnancy. We discuss biochemical and potential pathologic changes in the thyroid associated with the gestational and postpartum periods. Urinary iodine excretion during the last trimester of gestation in healthy euthyroid women shows that, in areas with mild iodine intake, iodine supplementation is necessary during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This measure should be considered in iodine-sufficient areas as well. Thyroglobulin is the main biochemical marker of persistent thyroidal stimulation. Alterations in thyroid volume during pregnancy can persist after delivery, especially in breast-feeding mothers. In most patients, the goitrogenic stimulus of pregnancy can be suppressed with iodine supplementation. Autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum period is reflected by monitoring of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab). Women with positive test results for TPO-Ab early in gestation showed a highly significant decrease in free thyroxine and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels late in gestation. The main marker of Graves' disease during pregnancy is thyroid-stimulating antibodies. Nonautoimmune gestational hyperthyroidism ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2013·Thyroid Research·Paweł SzychtaMałgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
Aug 19, 2015·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Caroline A LinoMaria Luiza M Barreto-Chaves
Jun 18, 2004·Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America·Shahla Nader
Jun 17, 2006·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Thien-Giang Bach-Huynh, Jacqueline Jonklaas
May 28, 2010·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Ferenc BánhidyAndrew E Czeizel
Dec 17, 2008·Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia·Léa Maria Zanini Maciel, Patrícia K R Magalhães

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