Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and their role in the metabolic action of the hormone

Biochimie
L J DeGroot

Abstract

Thyroid hormone nuclear receptor molecules have been characterized as proteins of approximately 49,000 molecular weight existing in cells attached to chromatin and with 4000-8000 copies per nucleus. They bind T3 with Ka of 0.2 X 10(10) l/mol and show microheterogeneity on isoelectric focusing. Hormone responsiveness varies with receptor content in the nucleus and occupancy of receptor by T3. Recent investigations have shown that the receptors are part of the v-erbA related super family of nuclear hormone receptors. At least two types of T3 receptors (TR) exist, one coded by a gene on chromosome 3 (TR beta) and a second coded on chromosome 17 (hTR alpha). Receptors are low in the fetus and, in the adult, are dramatically reduced by starvation, illness and glucagon. Receptors function through binding of T3 or other hormone analogs to a domain in the carboxyl portion of the protein, and binding of the receptor-T3 complex through 'DNA-fingers' to specific response elements as enhancers and located in the 5'-flanking DNA of thyroid hormone responsive genes. Extensive studies on regulation of rat growth hormone have suggested binding of receptor or associated factors to several positions in the 5'-flanking DNA, and recent studies sug...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1975·Endocrinology·L J DeGroot, J Torresani
Nov 1, 1976·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·H H SamuelsL E Shapiro
Jun 1, 1977·Endocrinology·L J DeGrootP A Rue
Nov 7, 1977·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·L J DeGrootS Refetoff
Apr 1, 1979·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·L J DeGroot, P A Rue
May 1, 1975·Endocrinology·J Torresani, L J DeGroot
Jan 1, 1978·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L E ShapiroB M Yaffe
Apr 14, 1987·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·K Ichikawa, L J DeGroot
Dec 18, 1986·Nature·C WeinbergerR M Evans
May 1, 1987·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·K Ichikawa, L J DeGroot
Apr 1, 1988·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·H H SamuelsZ S Ye
Aug 1, 1987·Endocrine Reviews·J H OppenheimerH C Freake
Apr 1, 1988·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A NakaiL J DeGroot
May 1, 1988·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·L J DeGrootD Darling
Nov 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P R LarsenD D Moore
Dec 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J W BarlowG G Rousseau
May 1, 1987·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T A GustafsonE Morkin
May 1, 1987·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·K Ichikawa, L J DeGroot
Oct 1, 1985·Molecular and Cellular Biology·P Narayan, H C Towle
Oct 1, 1974·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L J DegrootC Barsano
Aug 1, 1972·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J H OppenheimerM I Surks
Aug 1, 1972·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·S RefetoffL T DeWind
Dec 1, 1984·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·M M Menezes-FerreiraB D Weintraub

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 1, 1997·Biulleten' eksperimental'noĭ biologii i meditsiny·A T Adylova, Ia Kh Turakulov
Sep 14, 1992·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·M L Privalsky
Jun 20, 1997·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·T NagasawaL J DeGroot
Oct 11, 1993·FEBS Letters·H CasteleinM I Baes
Oct 22, 2016·Biological Psychiatry·Andrés Uribe-MariñoMathias V Schmidt
Oct 8, 2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·N C HolfordR Swaminathan
Aug 1, 1997·Endocrine Reviews·J H Oppenheimer, H L Schwartz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.