Thyroid ultrasonography--a review.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
H J Baskin

Abstract

To review the major applications of ultrasonography in studies of the thyroid gland by clinical endocrinologists. The techniques for performance of thyroid ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy are outlined, and the settings for their use are discussed. Characteristic findings and limitations are described. In two situations--the assessment of thyroid nodules and the postoperative follow-up of thyroid cancer--ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy have proved to be clinically useful when used in combination. On ultrasonography, a hyperechoic nodule with a sharp "halo" is associated with a low risk of malignancy and a hypoechoic nodule with microcalcifications is associated with a high risk of a malignant lesion, but performance of a biopsy is recommended. Ultrasonography coupled with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy can detect >90% of recurrent cases of thyroid carcinoma. In general, normal lymph nodes appear flattened on ultrasonography, whereas malignant nodes appear more rounded or bulging. Thyroid ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy are complementary diagnostic procedures in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and for detection of recurren...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 22, 2004·Current Treatment Options in Oncology·Jyotika K FernandesAnand K Sharma
Jun 30, 2001·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·R H CobinUNKNOWN Thyroid Carcinoma Task Force
Jan 6, 2001·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·R S Haber
Jan 13, 2001·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·H J BaskinL P Holcomb

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