Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management

Endocrine
Fatemeh G Amlashi, Nicholas A Tritos

Abstract

Inappropriate secretion of TSH was first described in 1960 in a patient with evidence of hyperthyroidism and expanded sella on imaging. It was later found that a type of pituitary adenoma that secretes TSH (thyrotropinoma) was the underlying cause. The objective of the present review article is to summarize data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of thyrotropinomas. The prevalence of thyrotropinomas is lower than that of other pituitary adenomas. Early diagnosis is now possible thanks to the availability of magnetic resonance imaging and sensitive laboratory assays. As a corollary, many patients now present earlier in the course of their disease and have smaller tumors at the time of diagnosis. Treatment also has evolved over time. Transsphenoidal surgery is still considered definitive therapy. Meanwhile, radiation therapy, including radiosurgery, is effective in achieving tumor control in the majority of patients. In the past, radiation therapy was used as second line treatment in patients with residual or recurrent tumor after surgery. However, the availability of somatostatin analogs, which can lead to normalization of thyroid function as well as shrink these tumors, has led to an increase in the ro...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 16, 2016·Pituitary·Amit Tirosh, Ilan Shimon
Oct 20, 2017·European Journal of Endocrinology·Gerald RaverotUNKNOWN European Society of Endocrinology
Apr 27, 2018·Endocrine Journal·Hideyuki OkumaTakanobu Yoshimoto
Apr 24, 2018·Endocrine Reviews·Gherardo MazziottiAndrea Giustina
Mar 22, 2019·Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports·Yoko OlmedillaAparna Pal
Apr 27, 2019·Endocrine-related Cancer·Hao FuLibo Chen
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Jul 25, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Kiyohiko SakataMotohiro Morioka
Jul 4, 2020·Endocrinology and Metabolism·Sang Ouk Chin
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Sep 12, 2018·Journal of the Endocrine Society·Stefano FraraAndrea Giustina
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Sep 1, 2019·Neurosurgery Clinics of North America·Claire M FaltermeierManish K Aghi
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Apr 21, 2021·Der Pathologe·Wolfgang Saeger
May 6, 2021·Biomedicines·Samridhi Banskota, David C Adamson

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