Time dependent neuroprotection of mycophenolate mofetil: effects on temporal dynamics in glial proliferation, apoptosis, and scar formation.

Journal of Neuroinflammation
Fahim EbrahimiF Dehghani

Abstract

Immunosuppressants such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have the capacity to inhibit microglial and astrocytic activation and to reduce the extent of cell death after neuronal injury. This study was designed to determine the effective neuroprotective time frame in which MMF elicits its beneficial effects, by analyzing glial cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), temporal dynamics of proliferation and apoptosis after N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxicity were analyzed by quantitative morphometry of Ki-67 or cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive glial cells. Treatment on NMDA-lesioned OHSCs with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)100 μg/mL was started at different time points after injury or performed within specific time frames, and the numbers of propidium iodide (PI)+ degenerating neurons and isolectin (I)B(4)(+) microglial cells were determined. Pre-treatment with guanosine 100 μmol/l was performed to counteract MMF-induced effects. The effects of MMF on reactive astrocytic scar formation were investigated in the scratch-wound model of astrocyte monolayers. Excitotoxic lesion induction led to significant increases in glial proliferation rates between 12 and 36 hours...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2014·PloS One·Philipp PierohFaramarz Dehghani
Sep 26, 2015·International Journal of Surgery·Marta VadoriEmanuele Cozzi
Mar 22, 2014·Biochemical Society Transactions·Philipp PierohFaramarz Dehghani
Feb 19, 2014·Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences·Venkata Siva Sai Sujith SajjaPamela J VandeVord
Jan 26, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Julian Cardinal von WiddernFaramarz Dehghani
Jul 11, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Nan-Xing YiTing Zhang
Aug 25, 2017·CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics·Philipp PierohFaramarz Dehghani

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
FCS
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

ImageJ

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