PMID: 16506429Mar 2, 2006Paper

Tissue pH measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging

Methods in Molecular Medicine
Natarajan Raghunand

Abstract

Noninvasive techniques for measurement of tissue pH can be invaluable in assessing disease extent and response to therapy in a variety of pathological conditions, such as renal acidosis and alkalosis, and cancers. We present the details of three techniques for noninvasive measurement of tissue pH: magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques exploit the pH-sensitivity of three different molecules, 3-aminopropylphosphonate (3-APP), (+/-) 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonyl propionic acid (IEPA), and 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid) (Gd-DOTA-4AmP), to examine local extracellular pH in vivo. The level of detail presented will enable nonnovice users of MRS and MRI to reproduce these methodologies in their own laboratories.

Citations

Aug 24, 2011·Clinical & Experimental Metastasis·Arig Ibrahim HashimRobert J Gillies
Feb 16, 2017·Frontiers in Oncology·Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa, Ellen Ackerstaff

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