Tissue-specific mechanisms of alternative polyadenylation: Testis, brain, and beyond (2018 update)

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
Clinton C MacDonald

Abstract

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is how genes choose different sites for 3' end formation for mRNAs during transcription. APA often occurs in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner that can significantly affect gene activity by changing the protein product generated, the stability of the transcript, its localization within the cell, or its translatability. Despite the important regulatory effects that APA has on tissue-specific gene expression, only a few examples have been characterized mechanistically. In this 2018 update to our 2010 review, we examine mechanisms for the control of APA and update our understanding of the older mechanisms since 2010. We once postulated the existence of tissue-specific factors in APA. However, while a few tissue-specific polyadenylation factors are known, the emerging conclusion is that the majority of APA is accomplished by altering levels of core polyadenylation proteins. Examples of those core proteins include CSTF2, CPSF1, and subunits of mammalian cleavage factor I. But despite support for these mechanisms, no one has yet documented any of these proteins changing in either a tissue-specific or developmental manner. Given the profound effect that APA can have on gene expression a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 16, 2019·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Ofri LeviYoav Arava
Sep 29, 2020·Nucleic Acids Research·Weiwei JinJing Gong
Jan 10, 2020·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·May Penrad-MobayedReiner A Veitia
Aug 5, 2020·Acta Neuropathologica·Alexander BamptonAriana Gatt
Sep 15, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Rebecca R Florke GeePatrick Ryan Potts
Jun 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Rebecca M SenaNora I Perrone-Bizzozero
Jun 15, 2021·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Stephen J Winters
Nov 5, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Yinchuan LiFei Sun

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene
immunoprecipitation

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