Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines NNN and NNK levels in cigarette brands between 2000 and 2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
I GunduzF Gadani

Abstract

The evolution of the levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in mainstream (MS) cigarette smoke is investigated based on smoke and tobacco chemistry data of cigarette brands sold by Philip Morris International (PMI) between 2000 and 2014. A total of 315 cigarette samples representing a wide range of product and design characteristics manufactured by PMI between 2008 and 2014 were analyzed and compared to a previously published dataset of PMI brands manufactured in 2000. The data indicate that there is a substantial reduction of NNN and NNK levels in tobacco fillers and MS cigarette smoke per mg of tar and per mg of nicotine using Health Canada Intense (HCI) machine-smoking regime. This observed reduction in NNN and NNK levels in MS cigarette smoke is also supported by the downward trend observed on NNN and NNK levels in USA flue-cured Virginia and Burley tobacco lots from 2000 to 2014 crops, reflecting effectiveness of measures taken on curing and agricultural practices designed to minimize TSNA formation in tobacco.

References

Jan 1, 1996·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·K D BrunnemannD Hoffmann
Sep 30, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Balazs SiminszkyRalph E Dewey
Jul 27, 2007·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Bill KingJeff Fowles
May 11, 2011·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Reinskje TalhoutAntoon Opperhuizen
Oct 25, 2011·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Stephen W PurkisRoland Wuttke
Dec 7, 2011·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Michael T FisherCharles L Gaworski
Jan 30, 2013·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·J-J PiadéG Janeke
Jun 29, 2014·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Michael J OldhamMichael J Morton
Jul 5, 2015·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·M BelushkinA Kondylis

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 12, 2021·Zeitschrift für Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health·Micah O OmareFredrick O Kengara
Oct 27, 2020·Toxicology Reports·Guy JaccardMaxim Belushkin
Aug 17, 2018·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Samuel KaiserGuilherme P Sabin

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.