Tolerance and Excretion of the Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B₁, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Ochratoxin A by Alphitobius diaperinus and Hermetia illucens from Contaminated Substrates

Toxins
Louise CamenzuliH J van der Fels-Klerx

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential accumulation of mycotoxins in the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus, LMW) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) larvae. Feed was spiked with aflatoxin B₁, deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A or zearalenone, and as a mixture of mycotoxins, to concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 times the maximum limits set by the European Commission for complete feed. This maximum limit is 0.02 mg/kg for aflatoxin B₁, 5 mg/kg for DON, 0.5 mg/kg for zearalenone and 0.1 mg/kg for ochratoxin A. The mycotoxins and some of their metabolites were analysed in the larvae and residual material using a validated and accredited LC-MS/MS-based method. Metabolites considered were aflatoxicol, aflatoxin P₁, aflatoxin Q₁, and aflatoxin M₁, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON and DON-3-glycoside, and α- and β-zearalenol. No differences were observed between larvae reared on mycotoxins individually or as a mixture with regards to both larvae development and mycotoxin accumulation/excretion. None of the mycotoxins accumulated in the larvae and were only detected in BSF larvae several orders of magnitude lower than the concentration in feed. Mass balance calculations showed that BSF and LMW larvae metabolized the fou...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2019·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Irene BiancarosaHeidi Amlund
Sep 30, 2020·The Analyst·Shengyang ZhouChuanlai Xu
Jun 16, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Cuncheng LiuHuaiying Yao
Jul 31, 2019·Foods·Pamela Schrögel, Wim Wätjen
Aug 28, 2018·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesI Vagsholm
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Walter P PflieglerTünde Pusztahelyi
Sep 1, 2018·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·H J van der Fels-KlerxA Ricci
Nov 12, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Jinsu HongYoo Yong Kim
Jul 3, 2021·Microorganisms·Alexander Berestetskiy, Qiongbo Hu
Jun 30, 2021·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Kim Lara GützkowRonald Maul

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