Toleration games: compensatory growth by plants in response to enemy attack is an evolutionarily stable strategy

AoB Plants
Gordon G McNickle, Wesley D Evans

Abstract

Damage to plants from natural enemies is a ubiquitous feature of the natural world. Accordingly, plants have evolved a variety of strategies to deal with attack from enemies including the ability to simply tolerate attack. Tolerance often involves some form of compensatory response, such as the regrowth of tissues following damage. While ecological models of defence are common, there has been less effort to make predictions about the evolutionary stability of tolerance. Here, we present and experimentally test a game theoretic model of tolerance to herbivory. Plants in the model have a vector strategy which includes both root and shoot production, and herbivores in the model have a scalar strategy which is time spent foraging. The evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is the set of root growth, shoot growth and herbivore foraging which simultaneously maximizes all player's fitness. Compensatory growth is not guaranteed, but it may emerge as an ESS if it maximizes plant fitness. We also experimentally tested the model predictions using wheat and simulated herbivory by clipping 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60 % of shoot production, and measured root, shoot and fruit production at senescence. The model predicted that compensatory growth was of...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 1, 2019·Plant, Cell & Environment·Jacob C DoumaJochem B Evers
Jun 15, 2021·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Esther N Ngumbi, Carmen M Ugarte
Oct 8, 2021·PeerJ·Roberto Rafael Ruiz-SantiagoRubén Humberto Andueza-Noh

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Software Mentioned

rootSolve
R Project for Statistical Computing

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