Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and T-Regulatory Cells at the Clinical Trials Crossroad for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease; Emphasis on Type 1 Diabetes Therapy

Frontiers in Immunology
Brett PhillipsNick Giannoukakis

Abstract

Tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells are two immune cell populations with the potential to prevent the onset of clinical stage type 1 diabetes, and manage the beginning of underlying autoimmunity, at the time-at-onset and onwards. Initial phase I trials demonstrated that the administration of a number of these cell populations, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, was safe. Outcomes of some of these trials also suggested some level of autoimmunity regulation, by the increase in the numbers of regulatory cells at different points in a network of immune regulation in vivo. As these cell populations come to the cusp of pivotal phase II efficacy trials, a number of questions still need to be addressed. At least one mechanism of action needs to be verified as operational, and through this mechanism biomarkers predictive of the underlying autoimmunity need to be identified. Efficacy in the regulation of the underlying autoimmunity also need to be monitored. At the same time, the absence of a common phenotype core among the different dendritic cell and T-regulatory cell populations, that have completed phase I and early phase II trials, necessitates a better understanding of what makes these cells toleroge...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 10, 2019·Experimental Dermatology·Francisca CristiArturo Borzutzky
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May 18, 2021·World Journal of Diabetes·William de Jesús Ríos-RíosHonorio Torres-Aguilar

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
antisense oligonucleotides
flow cytometry
leukapheresis

Clinical Trials Mentioned

ISRCTN06128462
NCT02618902
NCT02772679
NCT01210664
NCT02691247
NCT02704338
NCT02428309
NCT00445913
NCT02354911

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