Toll-like receptor signalling in liver disease: ER stress the missing link?

Cytokine
M W Lawless, C M Greene

Abstract

Toll-like receptors induce a complex inflammatory response that can function to alert the body to infection, neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissues. Toll-like receptors are expressed on kupffer, endothelial, dendritic, biliary epithelial, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes in the liver. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central organelle of eukaryotic cells that exists as a place of lipid synthesis, protein folding and protein maturation. The ER is a major signal transduction organelle that senses and responds to changes in homeostasis. Conditions interfering with the function of the ER are collectively known as ER stress and can be induced by accumulation of unfolded protein aggregates or by excessive protein traffic as can occur during viral infection. The ability of ER stress to induce an inflammatory response is considered to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Importantly, ER stress is viewed as a contributor to the pathogenesis of liver diseases with evidence linking components of ER homeostasis as requirements for optimal Toll-like receptor function. In this context this review discusses the association of Toll-like receptors with ER stress. This is an emerging paradigm in the understanding of Toll-like ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 3, 2013·PloS One·Jean-Christophe Deschemin, Sophie Vaulont
Aug 29, 2013·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Catherine M GreeneMatthew W Lawless
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Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Christopher R Shepard

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