Abstract
Tolonium chloride (toluidine blue) application is useful for identifying malignant changes in squamous mucosa. However, early asymptomatic mucosal changes may remain undetected by tolonium application. A study was carried out to determine the feasibility of using a tolonium mouth rinse as a routine procedure after thorough clinical examination, to discover undetected cancers. A proved, effective tolonium application method was compared with a rinse sequence. One hundred five asymptomatic oral lesions (51 carcinomas and 54 nonmalignant lesions) that persisted for ten to 14 days were evaluated with application and rinse modalities and biopsies. There were 2% false-negatives (1/51) with the application as opposed to 5.9% (3/51) with the rinse and 9.3% false-positives (5/54) with the application as compared to 7.4% (4/54) with the rinse. Four inapparent, second primary cancers, unobserved for application, were delineated by the rinse (three oral, one pharyngeal). Tolonium blue rinse may be used to detect unobserved, asymptomatic oral mucosal cancers after clinical examination. After a positive rinse stain, a subsequent positive application stain ten to 14 days later mandates a biopsy of the lesion.
Citations
Sep 19, 2003·Oral Oncology·Joel L SchwartzFung-Lung Chung
May 27, 2005·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Tatiana N Demidova, Michael R Hamblin
Feb 23, 2011·Vascular Health and Risk Management·Devi Charan ShettyPriyanka Rastogi
Aug 9, 2003·Oral Oncology·Lauren L Patton
Jan 30, 2004·Oral Oncology·Martin C DownerPaul M Speight
Mar 20, 1982·Lancet·A Mashberg
Mar 1, 1996·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·K A Warnakulasuriya, N W Johnson
Apr 1, 1992·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·J B EpsteinJ Spinelli
May 11, 2001·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics·M A OnofreC M Navarro
Aug 2, 2005·International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery·S Ram, C H Siar
Feb 1, 1983·Journal of Oral Pathology·W H BinnieI C Mackenzie
Aug 1, 1984·Journal of Oral Pathology·W H Binnie, K V Rankin
Feb 1, 1988·Journal of Oral Pathology·R L MillerA R Gould
Sep 1, 2006·Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy·Thomas MangBrian C Wilson
Apr 1, 1984·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology·S SilvermanJ Barbosa
Mar 7, 2014·Head & Neck·Colin FullerM Boyd Gillespie
Jul 3, 2008·The Journal of the American Dental Association·Lauren L PattonA Ross Kerr
Mar 1, 1983·The Journal of the American Dental Association·A Mashberg
Jan 27, 2015·Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·Deepti Singh, R K Shukla
Dec 22, 2017·Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery·Cesar Augusto SimõesCláudio Roberto Cernea