PMID: 11332834May 3, 2001Paper

Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) shoot-feeding characteristics and overwintering behavior in Scotch pine Christmas trees

Journal of Economic Entomology
R A HaackG C Heaton

Abstract

Overwintering behavior of Tomicus piniperda (L.) was studied in a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Christmas tree plantation in Indiana (1992-1994) and a plantation in Michigan (1994). In general, adults feed inside shoots during summer, then move to overwintering sites at the base of trees in autumn. In early autumn, adults were most often found in shoot-feeding tunnels that were still surrounded by green needles, whereas few were in tunnels surrounded by yellow or brown needles. For all years and sites combined, the range in the percentage of recently tunneled shoots that contained live T. piniperda adults decreased from 89 to 96% in mid-October, to 15- 66% in early November, to 2-10% in mid-November, and to 0-2% by late November to early December. In each year, the first subfreezing temperatures in autumn occurred in October, before most adults left the shoots. Of 1,285 T. piniperda-tunneled shoots, one to seven tunnels (mean = 1.6) and zero to three adults were found per infested shoot. Of these 1,285 attacked shoots, 55% of the shoots had one tunnel, 33% had two, 9% had three, 3% had four, and <1% had five to seven tunnels each. When two or more tunnels occurred in a single shoot, adults were most commonly found in the in...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1996·Journal of Economic Entomology·M C CarterJ L Hayes
May 29, 2000·Journal of Economic Entomology·R A HaackT M Poland

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Citations

Aug 9, 2008·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·María J LombarderoMatthew P Ayres
Jan 24, 2003·Journal of Economic Entomology·Therese M PolandToby R Petrice

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