Toner Particles as Forensic Evidence: Microanalytical Characterization of Known Toner and Recognition of Toner in Environmental Samples*, †, ‡

Journal of Forensic Sciences
Katie M White, Christopher S Palenik

Abstract

Modern printing toners represent a prime example of subvisible particles that can be easily transferred to hands, clothing, and other surfaces. To explore the potential evidentiary value of toner particles, toner samples were collected from known printer cartridges and characterized by various microanalytical techniques to establish the properties most useful for recognition, identification, and comparison. Environmental samples (i.e., dust) were then collected from various locations at varying distances from toner-based printers, using both tape lifts and carbon adhesive stubs, to assess the possibility of detecting toner. By light microscopy, toner can be recognized on the basis of particle size and shape, as well as color. Further examination of the micromorphology in the field emission scanning electron microscope reveals characteristic morphologies and differences in surface texture and shape among toner sources. Raman spectroscopy provides chemical identification of the pigment (or pigment class) and, in some cases, also permits identification of the polymer component. While black and blue pigment chemistry remained constant among toner varieties that were studied (copper phthalocyanine and carbon black), variation in yel...Continue Reading

References

Jun 28, 2003·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Rena A MerrillJ Hollis Taylor
Oct 17, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·Congrong HeLen Taplin
Aug 13, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·A C Almeida AssisP Tropecelo
Oct 31, 2012·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Martina Skenderović BožičevićIgor Zjakić
Mar 25, 2018·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Christopher S PalenikSkip J Palenik

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