Tools for investigating the environmental transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in humans

Trends in Parasitology
Huw V SmithR C Andrew Thompson

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are major public health concerns. The role of water and food in the epidemiology of these diseases is now well recognized. Molecular techniques are available to determine the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and to distinguish human from non-human pathogens. Validated methods to determine the species, genotype and subgenotype that are present in heterologous mixtures should be applied to environmental samples to enable the monitoring and characterization of infection sources, disease tracking and the establishment of causative links to both waterborne and foodborne outbreaks. Meaningful interpretation of population structures and occurrence-prevalence baselines can be performed only by analysing a well-planned set of samples from all possible sources taken regularly over time, rather than focusing on outbreak investigations. For food, this includes such analyses in the country of origin.

References

Jul 21, 1994·The New England Journal of Medicine·W R Mac KenzieJ B Rose
Dec 29, 1998·Emerging Infectious Diseases·I M SulaimanA A Lal
Sep 9, 1999·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·P C OkhuysenH L DuPont
Oct 8, 1999·Emerging Infectious Diseases·P S MeadR V Tauxe
Feb 11, 2000·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·E S QuirozA Lal
Dec 13, 2000·International Journal for Parasitology·R FayerS J Upton
Feb 2, 2002·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Kristen L JellisonDavid B Schauer
Mar 28, 2002·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Timothy M StraubDarrell P Chandler
May 25, 2002·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Scott GlabermanLihua Xiao
Oct 31, 2002·Parasitology·H L EnemarkS M Thamsborg
Mar 29, 2003·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Marianne MallonAndy Tait
Apr 16, 2003·Genome Research·Seiyu HosonoRoger S Lasken
Jun 6, 2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Simone M CacciòEdoardo Pozio
Jan 17, 2004·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Lihua XiaoSteve J Upton
Jan 23, 2004·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Michael M PengLihua Xiao
Apr 6, 2004·International Journal for Parasitology·C A L OuraA Tait
Jun 9, 2004·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Irshad M SulaimanLihua Xiao
Sep 9, 2004·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Lihua Xiao, Una M Ryan
Oct 9, 2004·Trends in Parasitology·Ronald FayerDavid S Lindsay
Apr 20, 2005·Journal of Applied Microbiology·U RyanP Cox
Jul 28, 2005·Trends in Parasitology·Simone M CacciòHuw V Smith

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 24, 2014·PloS One·Olivia ValenzuelaLihua Xiao
May 25, 2011·Parasitology Research·Nour M Abd El KaderIsabel de Fuentes
Jun 8, 2014·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Ali ElBakriRa'ed Abu Odeh
Dec 5, 2008·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Sojin YounWilliam A Petri
Jan 19, 2010·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Andre AlmeidaSimone M Cacciò
Nov 14, 2012·The Journal of Parasitology·Zeynep KolorenCumhur Avsar
Jun 29, 2012·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Cynthia K S SantosMárcia C Cury
Jun 27, 2007·Parasitology Research·Annunziata GiangasperoOlga Brandonisio
Feb 9, 2008·Parasitology Research·Byambaa BurenbaatarPanagiotis Karanis
Jan 19, 2013·The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research·Joyce Siwila, Kabemba E Mwape
Sep 8, 2012·Infection Ecology & Epidemiology·Annette Backhans, Claes Fellström
Jul 30, 2011·Parasitology Research·Amy J AsherMichelle L Power
Aug 24, 2012·Parasitology Research·Filipa Santana FerreiraL Távora Tavira
Dec 21, 2010·Trends in Parasitology·C Rune StensvoldJaco J Verweij
Jun 9, 2009·Experimental Parasitology·Huw V Smith, Rosely A B Nichols
Sep 2, 2008·Parasitology International·Annunziata GiangasperoOlga Brandonisio
Jun 24, 2008·International Journal for Parasitology·S M CacciòE Pozio
Jan 22, 2008·Veterinary Parasitology·Emily BrookRobert Christley
Aug 26, 2014·International Journal for Parasitology·Md Robiul KarimLihua Xiao
Dec 23, 2015·Journal of Parasitology Research·Luis Enrique Jerez PueblaNorbert Müller
Sep 6, 2008·Zoonoses and Public Health·A DurantiP Scaramozzino
Nov 30, 2007·Journal of Applied Microbiology·F LeoniJ McLauchlin

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.