Abstract
To address the current trends of therapeutic mechanisms for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (AC), based on topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers (MCS). The antihistamine drug alcaftadine has H4 receptor inverse agonism, anti-inflammatory and MCS activities. The antihistamines levocabastine and azelastine are more effective than placebo in treatment of AC symptoms in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The topical dual-action antihistamines/MCS olopatadine, azelastine, ketotifen, and epinastine are commonly used in Europe and in the United States for mild subtypes of AC. For the main symptoms of AC, ocular itch and conjunctival hyperemia, epinastine 0.05% was superior to placebo, but equal or more effective than olopatadine 0.1%, while the later was more effective than ketotifen. High concentration olopatadine 0.77% had longer duration of action, better efficacy on ocular itch, and a similar safety profile to low-concentration olopatadine 0.2%. The new formulas of topical dual-action agents present longer duration of action, leading to a decreased frequency of use. The topical dual-action agents are the most effective agents treating signs and symptoms of mild forms of AC. There is superiority to the high-concen...Continue Reading
References
Dec 22, 2010·Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery·Gyan P MishraAshim K Mitra
Aug 25, 2012·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Laurie WadeShara Rudner
Mar 19, 2013·Italian Journal of Pediatrics·Mario La RosaAlfredo Reibaldi
Jul 31, 2013·Experimental Eye Research·Andrea Leonardi
Aug 27, 2013·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Terrence P O'Brien
Sep 4, 2013·Allergy and Asthma Proceedings·Leonard BieloryJimmy D Bartlett
Sep 17, 2013·International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology·Ayse Bilge OzturkA Fuat Kalyoncu
Sep 21, 2013·Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Flavio MantelliStefano Bonini
Sep 28, 2013·Ophthalmology·Paramdeep S BilkhuRoy Kennedy
May 24, 2014·Pediatric Clinics of North America·Virginia Miraldi Utz, Aaron R Kaufman
Aug 20, 2014·Ophthalmology and Therapy·Andrea Leonardi
Aug 29, 2014·Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·Hiroshi FujishimaEtsuko Takamura
Mar 27, 2015·Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·A LeonardiI Fregona
Jul 18, 2015·Clinical Ophthalmology·DeGaulle I Chigbu, Alissa M Coyne
Jan 16, 2016·Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease·Stacey AckermanPaulo J Gomes
Jul 29, 2016·Allergy & Rhinology·Warner CarrEric Donnenfeld
Aug 5, 2016·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Marcus Shaker, Erin Salcone
Dec 4, 2016·Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology·Shilpa Gulati, Sandeep Jain
Nov 7, 2017·Allergy·D Elieh Ali KomiL Bielory
Apr 4, 2018·Pediatrics·Jing LiLingyi Liang
May 3, 2018·Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research·Dharmistha PatelNarendra Panduranga Datti
Citations
Feb 12, 2019·Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·Jean-Luc Fauquert
Feb 23, 2020·International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology·Vasiliki TriantafillouJohn V Bosso
Jun 7, 2019·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Kara M CavuotoAnat Galor
Jun 7, 2019·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Nir ErdinestAbraham Solomon
Jun 21, 2020·Pharmaceutics·Anna GumieniczekPaweł Kozyra
Jul 22, 2019·Medicines·Ian P Harrison, Fabrizio Spada
Dec 5, 2020·Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·Jonathan RodriguesDana V Wallace
Nov 4, 2020·Pharmaceuticals·Yu-Chi LiuJodhbir S Mehta
Apr 6, 2021·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Inès RoumeauFrédéric Dutheil
Jul 3, 2020·International Immunopharmacology·Yingqi LiDan Liang
Sep 4, 2021·Dermatology and Therapy·Mark C Marchitto, Anna L Chien
Oct 29, 2021·Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine·M HeX Wang