Toward air-stable multilayer phosphorene thin-films and transistors

Scientific Reports
Joon-Seok KimDeji Akinwande

Abstract

Few-layer black phosphorus (BP), also known as phosphorene, is poised to be the most attractive graphene analogue owing to its high mobility approaching that of graphene, and its thickness-tunable band gap that can be as large as that of molybdenum disulfide. In essence, phosphorene represents the much sought after high-mobility, large direct band gap two-dimensional layered crystal that is ideal for optoelectronics and flexible devices. However, its instability in air is of paramount concern for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate air-stable BP devices with dielectric and hydrophobic encapsulation. Microscopy, spectroscopy, and transport techniques were employed to elucidate the aging mechanism, which can initiate from the BP surface for bare samples, or edges for samples with thin dielectric coating, highlighting the ineffectiveness of conventional scaled dielectrics. Our months-long studies indicate that a double layer capping of Al2O3 and hydrophobic fluoropolymer affords BP devices and transistors with indefinite air-stability for the first time, overcoming a critical material challenge for applied research and development.

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Citations

May 11, 2016·ACS Central Science·Kainen L UttSalvador Barraza-Lopez
Mar 5, 2016·Nano Letters·Steven P KoenigBarbaros Özyilmaz
Nov 26, 2015·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Andres Castellanos-Gomez
Sep 25, 2015·ACS Nano·Poya YasaeiAmin Salehi-Khojin
Mar 16, 2016·Nano Letters·Weinan ZhuDeji Akinwande
Sep 9, 2015·Nano Letters·Michael EngelPhaedon Avouris
Apr 21, 2016·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Matthieu Fortin-DeschênesOussama Moutanabbir
Feb 26, 2015·Nano Letters·Weinan ZhuDeji Akinwande
Oct 27, 2015·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Peng LiNailiang Yin
Oct 6, 2016·ACS Nano·Yury Yuryevich IllarionovTibor Grasser
Nov 2, 2016·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Qiang LiJinlan Wang
Oct 29, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stephen Ornes
Feb 15, 2017·Nano Letters·Yanpeng LiuJiong Lu
Mar 21, 2017·Scientific Reports·Fadhel AlsaffarMoh R Amer
Mar 14, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Matthew C RobbinsSteven J Koester
Jun 2, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Suhyun KimJihyun Kim
Jan 24, 2017·Angewandte Chemie·Rui GusmãoMartin Pumera
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May 18, 2016·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Yuchen DuPeide D Ye

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
atomic force microscopy
electron-beam lithography
AFM
x-ray spectroscopy

Software Mentioned

MIM
COMSOL4
Matlab

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