Toward Precision Nutrition: Commercial Infant Formulas and Human Milk Compared for Stereospecific Distribution of Fatty Acids Using Metabolomics

Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology
Thiago I B LopesGlaucia B Alcantara

Abstract

Precision nutrition and nutrimetabolomics are emerging omics technology applications in public health. In this context, the infant formula (IF) is a manufactured foodstuff that aims to match the composition of human milk (HM), especially the lipid profile. The IF manufacturers have achieved relative success in matching the predominant fatty acid (FAs) profiles, but the stereospecific structures of the triacylglycerides in HM require deeper analyses with system sciences. We employed NMR-based metabolomics to compare the lipid profiles of 12 commercial IF samples and 10 HM samples. Additionally, vegetables, fish, and microalgae oil as raw materials in IFs were also investigated to understand the lipid profile of IFs. We found that IF has significantly less saturated fatty acids (SFA), higher unsaturated FAs, and similar polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, compared with HM. However, the main difference was the stereospecific distribution of FAs: HM samples were associated with a high content of SFAs in the sn-2 position (26.03% ± 2.93%) and PUFAs in the sn-1,3 position (15.35% ± 3.94%). The IF had the opposite distribution, with SFAs esterified mainly in the sn-1,3 position (33.07 ± 4.93%) and PUFAs in the sn-2 position (9....Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 2000·Lipids·R G Jensen
Mar 17, 2006·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Ellen Marie StraarupKim F Michaelsen
Feb 15, 2012·Advances in Nutrition·Sheila M Innis
Oct 3, 2012·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Flaminia Cesare MarincolaVassilios Fanos
Dec 4, 2012·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Sima YaronRon Shaoul
Jul 15, 2016·Journal of Food Science and Technology·Moumita GhoshMahua Ghosh
Apr 19, 2017·Journal of Food Science and Technology·Marilene D M Morselli RibeiroLireny A G Gonçalves
Feb 2, 2018·Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology·Praseeda MolThottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad

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Citations

Dec 12, 2019·Expert Review of Proteomics·Flaminia BardanzelluAlessandra Coscia
Jan 26, 2020·Metabolites·Isabel Ten-DoménechGuillermo Quintás
Jun 17, 2019·Current Nutrition Reports·Mimi PhanAlexis C Wood
Aug 30, 2020·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Adele CutignanoGianluca Picariello

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR
PCA

Software Mentioned

TopSpin
MATLAB

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