Toward refined estimates of ambient PM2.5 exposure: Evaluation of a physical outdoor-to-indoor transport model

Atmospheric Environment
Natasha HodasBarbara Turpin

Abstract

Because people spend the majority of their time indoors, the variable efficiency with which ambient PM2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of error in epidemiologic studies that use PM2.5 concentrations measured at central-site monitors as surrogates for ambient PM2.5 exposure. To reduce this error, practical methods to model indoor concentrations of ambient PM2.5 are needed. Toward this goal, we evaluated and refined an outdoor-to-indoor transport model using measured indoor and outdoor PM2.5 species concentrations and air exchange rates from the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air Study. Herein, we present model evaluation results, discuss what data are most critical to prediction of residential exposures at the individual-subject and populations levels, and make recommendations for the application of the model in epidemiologic studies. This paper demonstrates that not accounting for certain human activities (air conditioning and heating use, opening windows) leads to bias in predicted residential PM2.5 exposures at the individual-subject level, but not the population level. The analyses presented also provide quantitative evidence that shifts in the gas-particle partitioning of ambient organics with...Continue Reading

References

Jul 31, 2001·Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology·N E KlepeisW H Engelmann
Jul 9, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Yelena Y NaumovaSteven J Wall
Jun 24, 2004·Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology·Clifford P WeiselDerek Shendell
Aug 5, 2004·Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology·Michael JerrettChris Giovis
Aug 28, 2004·Indoor Air·W W Nazaroff
Mar 16, 2006·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Andrea PolidoriSilvia Maberti
Mar 30, 2006·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Stefanie Ebelt SarnatHelen H Suh
Nov 13, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Michael S BreenBradley D Schultz
Feb 2, 2011·Indoor Air·C J Weschler
May 30, 2013·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Natasha HodasDavid Q Rich

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