Towards a generic procedure for the detection of relevant contaminants from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in plastic food-contact materials: a review and selection of key parameters

Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment
F PuypeUwe Oppermann

Abstract

Recently, traces of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been detected in black plastic food-contact materials (FCMs), indicating the presence of recycled plastics, mainly coming from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) as BFRs are one of the main additives in electric applications. In order to evaluate efficiently and preliminary in situ the presence of WEEE in plastic FCMs, a generic procedure for the evaluation of WEEE presence in plastic FCMs by using defined parameters having each an associated importance level has been proposed. This can be achieved by combining parameters like overall bromine (Br) and antimony (Sb) content; additive and reactive BFR, rare earth element (REE) and WEEE-relevant elemental content and additionally polymer purity. In most of the cases, the WEEE contamination could be confirmed by combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and thermal desorption/pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at first. The Sb and REE content did not give a full confirmation as to the source of contamination, however for Sb the opposite counts: Sb was joined with elevated Br signals. Therefore, Br at first followed by Sb were used as WEEE precursors as both elements are used as synerge...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 20, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Tamara KukharchykVladimir Chernyuk
Jan 7, 2021·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Rafael Paseiro-CerratoTimothy Begley
Jan 26, 2021·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Rafael Paseiro-CerratoTimothy H Begley
Feb 20, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Andrew TurnerLee A Green
Mar 7, 2021·Polymers·Yukyung KimHyeonseok Yoon
Apr 25, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Oluwatoyin T FatunsinStuart Harrad

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
electron capture
ion exchange chromatography

Software Mentioned

LabSolutions IR
WEEE
PCEDX
Shimadzu

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