Towards the elimination of paediatric tuberculosis in high-income, immigrant-receiving countries: a 25-year conventional and molecular epidemiological case study

ERJ Open Research
Vivek DhawanRichard Long

Abstract

The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in high-income countries is increasingly dictated by immigration. The influence of this trend on paediatric TB and TB elimination are not well defined. We undertook a 25-year conventional and molecular epidemiologic study of paediatric TB in Alberta, one of four major immigrant-receiving provinces in Canada. All isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were DNA fingerprinted using standard methodology. Between 1990 and 2014, 176 children aged 0-14 years were diagnosed with TB. Foreign-born children or Canadian-born children of foreign-born parents accounted for an increasingly large proportion of total cases during the study period (from 32.1% to 89.5%). Of the 78 culture-positive cases, 35 (44.9%) had a putative source case identified by conventional epidemiology, with 34 (97.1%) having a concordant molecular profile. Of the remaining 43 culture-positive cases, molecular profiling identified spatially and temporally related sources in six cases (14.0%). These six children, along with four other children whose source cases were discovered through reverse-contact tracing, had a high morbidity and mortality. The increasing burden of paediatric TB in both foreign-born children and Canadian-born ...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1992·Tubercle and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·J Veen
Nov 28, 2002·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Sumi J SunBarbara A Ellis
Sep 9, 2005·The New England Journal of Medicine·Kevin SchwartzmanDick Menzies
Feb 18, 2006·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Ben J MaraisJeff R Starke
Oct 31, 2006·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Ivan K T YeoKevin Schwartzman
Jul 20, 2007·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·Richard Long, Jody Boffa
Oct 24, 2007·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·David Butler-Jones
Jul 26, 2008·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Sandra M NewtonBeate Kampmann
Mar 11, 2010·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Teresa del RosalFernando del Castillo
Mar 26, 2011·The European Respiratory Journal·D Langlois-KlassenR Long
Jan 13, 2012·The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·M JensenR Long
Jul 5, 2012·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Lucila MarquezEdward A Graviss
Jul 27, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Carlos M Perez-Velez, Ben J Marais
Aug 31, 2013·The European Respiratory Journal·Camilla Ingrid HatlebergIsik Somuncu Johansen
Feb 12, 2014·Pediatrics·Jenny PangUNKNOWN Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
Mar 4, 2014·The European Respiratory Journal·Ben J MaraisGiovanni Battista Migliori
Sep 27, 2015·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Stephen M GrahamHeather J Zar
Dec 15, 2015·The Medical Journal of Australia·Stephen S TeoStephen M Graham
Feb 23, 2017·The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·E J DonnanC Nourse

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 10, 2019·Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Santé Publique·C Andrew BashamPamela Orr

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
biopsies

Software Mentioned

Stata
IC

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

The Medical Journal of Australia
David W J Griffin, Mark D Kelly
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
M B VarugheseM Li
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
D KunimotoRichard Long
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved