Toxicity and residues of endosulfan isomers

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Tara D SutherlandJohn G Oakeshott

Abstract

The continued availability of endosulfan is desirable for the production of cotton, and various other crops, because of its particular suitability for use in IPM and resistance management strategies. However, ongoing residue problems threaten the availability of the insecticide. Data described here suggest a beta-enriched insecticide is worthy of investigation as a useful alternative organochloride insecticide, having the advantages of reduced environmental and health concerns. The alpha-isomer of endosulfan is an order of magnitude more volatile than the beta-isomer, which is reflected in its initial rapid disappearance in the field. Approximately 70% of endosulfan is lost within 2 d of application due to volatilization. Based on volatilization kinetics, the volatilization of a beta-endosulfan formulation would be less than 5% that of commercial endosulfan. However, while it has been established that endosulfan vapor does lead to contamination of the riverine environment, this contamination is below residue levels recorded in rivers during the cotton growing season and, as such, reducing the volatility of the insecticide will only partially alleviate residue problems. Initial field trial results suggest that beta-endosulfan in...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 19, 2012·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·Lígia M SalvoHelena C Silva de Assis
Jun 6, 2013·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Zhonghua ZhaoLu Zhang
Apr 8, 2016·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Butsayanan KetyamPhanwimol Tanhan

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