Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulations, spinosad, and selected synthetic insecticides to Chironomus tepperi larvae

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
M M StevensPeter A Hughes

Abstract

Three Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (BTi) formulations, the bacterial metabolite spinosad, and 7 synthetic insecticides were bioassayed against 4th instars of Chironomus tepperi, a serious pest of rice in southern Australia. The BTi formulations returned 48-h product median lethal concentration (LC50) values (25 < or = 1 degrees C) of between 0.59 mg/liter (VectoBac water-dispersible granule [WDG], 3,000 international toxic units [ITU]/mg) and 2.15 mg/liter (Teknar suspension concentrate [SC], 1,200 ITU/mg). When LC50 values were adjusted to reflect nominal ITU values of the 3 products, there was still substantial variation, with LC50 values ranging from 1,770 ITU/liter (VectoBac WDG) to 2,580 ITU/liter (Teknar SC). Aquabac SC (1,200 ITU/mg) showed intermediate activity. Differential activity between formulations may reflect faster settling rates in the more active formulations, which may be a beneficial characteristic when controlling benthic species such as C. tepperi. Spinosad (24-h LC50 = 28.9 microg active ingredient [AI]/liter) and the synthetic insecticides we evaluated were all substantially more active than BTi. The highest activity was shown by the neonicotinoid compounds thiacloprid, acetamiprid, and clothi...Continue Reading

Citations

May 23, 2012·Parasites & Vectors·Carlos F MarinaTrevor Williams
Oct 8, 2016·Pest Management Science·Yongbo LiuJunsheng Li
Nov 7, 2017·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Daniel B PickfordMick Hamer
Feb 21, 2014·Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association·Sharon P Lawler, Deborah A Dritz

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