Toxicokinetics of Imidacloprid-Coated Wheat Seeds in Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica) and an Evaluation of Hazard

Environmental Science & Technology
Thomas G BeanBarnett A Rattner

Abstract

Birds are potentially exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides by ingestion of coated seeds during crop planting. Adult male Japanese quail were orally dosed with wheat seeds coated with an imidacloprid (IMI) formulation at either 0.9 or 2.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) (∼3 and 9% of IMI LD50 for Japanese quail, respectively) for 1 or 10 days. Quail were euthanized between 1 and 24 h postexposure to assess toxicokinetics. Analysis revealed rapid absorption (1 h) into blood and distribution to the brain, muscle, kidney, and liver. Clearance to below detection limits occurred at both dose levels and exposure durations in all tissues within 24 h. Metabolism was extensive, with 5-OH-IMI and IMI-olefin detected at greater concentrations than IMI in tissues and fecal samples. There was no lethality or overt signs of toxicity at either dose level. Furthermore, no evidence of enhanced expression of mRNA genes associated with hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative DNA damage, or alterations in concentrations of corticosterone and thyroid hormones was observed. Application of the toxicokinetic data was used to predict IMI residue levels in the liver with reasonable results for some field exposure and avian mortality events. It would appear that...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 11, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Charlotte L RoyDa Chen
Jun 27, 2019·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Krysta H RogersRobert H Poppenga
Nov 22, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Margaret L EngChristy A Morrissey
Feb 5, 2021·Scientific Reports·Simon G EnglishKenneth C Welch
Aug 31, 2020·Environmental Research·Charlotte L Roy, Pamela L Coy
May 24, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Charlotte L RoyMark Jankowski
Jan 25, 2020·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Michael S GrossKathryn M Kuivila

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