PMID: 20650164Dec 1, 1995Paper

Toxicology: a science and an art

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
M Roberfroid

Abstract

Toxicology is both a science and an art. The science of toxicology characterizes the adverse effects of a chemical by integrating all available scientific information. Toxicologists must ask whether current protocols truly characterize the toxicity of a chemical in terms of identifying all the potential adverse effects. The art of toxicology involves the use of a database to predict toxic risk. A key question for the future of toxicology is "can alternative models contribute to progress or are they useless?" This paper concludes in favour of progress if such alternative models help to improve the science of toxicology. As a practical approach to improve the art of toxicology it proposes reinforcement of flexibility of current regulations, encouragement of the production and submission of data of alternative tests, and evaluation of these data on a strictly scientific basis. ECVAM, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, will play a major role in implementing this new and more scientific approach to toxicology.

References

Jul 1, 1990·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·M J van den HeuvelA P Walker
Oct 1, 1988·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·T S MiyaR O McClellan
Jan 1, 1986·Journal of Chronic Diseases·A S Whittemore
Jun 1, 1984·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·R Kroes, V J Feron

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 1, 1995·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·M Balls
May 26, 1998·Environmental Health Perspectives·M Balls

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
J M Frazier
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
L Newland, K Morgan
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved