Toxicology of mono-, di-, and triethanolamine

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
J B KnaakJ Bilsky

Abstract

The chemistry, biochemistry, toxicity, and industrial use of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) are reviewed. The dual function groups, amino and hydroxyl, make them useful in cutting fluids and as intermediates in the production of surfactants, soaps, salts, corrosion control inhibitors, and in pharmaceutical and miscellaneous applications. In 1995, the annual U.S. production capacity for ethanolamines was 447,727 metric tons. The principal route of exposure is through skin, with some exposure occurring by inhalation of vapor and aerosols. MEA, DEA, and TEA in water penetrate rat skin at the rate of 2.9 x 10(-3), 4.36 x 10(-3) and 18 x 10(-3) cm/hr, respectively. MEA, DEA, and TEA are water-soluble ammonia derivatives, with pHs of 9-11 in water and pHa values of 9.3, 8.8, and 7.7, respectively. They are irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, with MEA being the worst irritant, followed by DEA and TEA. The acute oral LD50s are 2.74 g/kg for MEA, 1.82 g/kg for DEA, and 2.34 g/kg for TEA (of bw), with most deaths occurring within 4 d of administration. MEA is present in nature as a nitrogenous base in phospholipids. These lipids, composed of glycerol, two fatty acid esters, phosph...Continue Reading

Citations

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