PMID: 2433987Jan 1, 1986Paper

Toxins that modulate the sodium channel gating mechanism

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Toshio Narahashi

Abstract

A variety of toxins and chemicals has been shown to modulate the gating kinetics of the sodium channel. Studies of batrachotoxin, grayanotoxins and pyrethroids are summarized here as examples. Batrachotoxin and grayanotoxins eliminate the sodium channel inactivation thereby causing a prolonged, steady-state sodium current to flow during a depolarizing step. The sodium channel activation kinetics are not affected markedly. Batrachotoxin appears to bind to a site in the sodium channel to which the inactivation gate normally binds, thus causing an inhibition of sodium inactivation. Single channel recording experiments have shown that the mean open time of individual sodium channels is greatly prolonged by batrachotoxin. It appears that individual sodium channels are modified by batrachotoxin in an all-or-none manner. Pyrethroids which are synthetic derivatives of pyrethrins also modify the kinetics of sodium channels in a very drastic manner. In the presence of type I pyrethroids which lack a cyano group at the alpha position (e.g., allethrin and tetramethrin), a large steady-state sodium current appears during a step depolarization and a large slowly decaying sodium tail current appears upon repolarization. Thus both the activati...Continue Reading

References

Mar 23, 1977·The Journal of Membrane Biology·T Hironaka, T Narahashi
Jan 1, 1985·Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology·B I Khodorov
Sep 1, 1985·Biophysical Journal·D YamamotoT Narahashi
Nov 1, 1986·The Journal of Physiology·K Chinn, T Narahashi
Oct 1, 1974·Physiological Reviews·T Narahashi
Jun 4, 1971·Science·E X AlbuquerqueB Witkop
Oct 1, 1974·The Journal of Physiology·T Narahashi, I Seyama
Oct 1, 1973·The Journal of General Physiology·C M ArmstrongE Rojas
Jul 1, 1971·The Journal of General Physiology·T NarahashiT Deguchi
Sep 1, 1980·The Journal of General Physiology·G E KirschT Narahashi
Nov 1, 1982·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·F N Quandt, T Narahashi
Sep 12, 1983·Brain Research·D YamamotoT Narahashi
May 1, 1964·The Journal of General Physiology·T NARAHASHIW R SCOTT

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Citations

Jan 9, 2007·Invertebrate Neuroscience : in·Ke Dong
May 15, 2010·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·April P NealWilliam D Atchison
May 24, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T SugawaraK Yamakawa
Feb 1, 1990·Cancer Letters·J R CabralN Lyandrat
Sep 20, 2005·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Sathanandam S AnandStephanie Padilla
Jul 30, 2014·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Golla Madhubabu, Suresh Yenugu
Jul 24, 2014·Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinária = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Órgão Oficial do Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária·Róger Iván Rodríguez-VivasGuilherme Klafke
Mar 3, 2021·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Neelakant VarmaSatish Kumar

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