Toxoplasma infection induces microglia-neuron contact and the loss of perisomatic inhibitory synapses.

Glia
Gabriela L CarrilloMichael A Fox

Abstract

Infection and inflammation within the brain induces changes in neuronal connectivity and function. The intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is one pathogen that infects the brain and can cause encephalitis and seizures. Persistent infection by this parasite is also associated with behavioral alterations and an increased risk for developing psychiatric illness, including schizophrenia. Current evidence from studies in humans and mouse models suggest that both seizures and schizophrenia result from a loss or dysfunction of inhibitory synapses. In line with this, we recently reported that persistent T. gondii infection alters the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), an enzyme that catalyzes GABA synthesis in inhibitory synapses. These changes could reflect a redistribution of presynaptic machinery in inhibitory neurons or a loss of inhibitory nerve terminals. To directly assess the latter possibility, we employed serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) and quantified inhibitory perisomatic synapses in neocortex and hippocampus following parasitic infection. Not only did persistent infection lead to a significant loss of perisomatic synapses, it induced the ensheathment of neuronal...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1968·Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie·K Blinzinger, G Kreutzberg
Jan 1, 1996·Hippocampus·T F Freund, G Buzsáki
Sep 1, 1997·Cerebral Cortex·Y Kawaguchi, Y Kubota
Sep 28, 2000·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·M BerdoyD W Macdonald
Sep 18, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marlene BartosPeter Jonas
Mar 16, 2004·Science·Michela FagioliniTakao K Hensch
Apr 15, 2004·Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences·B SchwallerA E P Villa
Jun 15, 2004·Lancet·J G Montoya, O Liesenfeld
Nov 2, 2005·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Takao K Hensch
Feb 14, 2006·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Jens NeumannKlaus Dinkel
Apr 28, 2006·Journal of Neurochemistry·Michael A Fox, Hisashi Umemori
Dec 1, 2006·Glia·Bruce D TrappRichard Ransohoff
Apr 4, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ajai VyasRobert M Sapolsky
Aug 3, 2007·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·John J TukkerThomas Klausberger
Nov 10, 2007·Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology·J E SimpsonUNKNOWN MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Neuropathology Study Group
Dec 18, 2007·Cell·Beth StevensBen A Barres
Mar 12, 2009·PloS One·Elizabeth A GaskellGlenn A McConkey
Mar 24, 2009·Annual Review of Immunology·Richard M Ransohoff, V Hugh Perry
Aug 27, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Scott C BarabanArturo Alvarez-Buylla
Sep 26, 2009·The American Journal of Pathology·Zuzana SiskováVictor Hugh Perry
Nov 26, 2009·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Jianmin SuMichael A Fox
Jun 18, 2010·Current Psychiatry Reports·Guillermo Gonzalez-BurgosDavid A Lewis
Nov 13, 2010·PLoS Biology·Marie-Ève TremblayAnia K Majewska
Jun 2, 2011·Infection and Immunity·Isabel Dellacasa-LindbergAntonio Barragan
Jun 18, 2011·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·David A LewisGuillermo Gonzalez-Burgos
Sep 10, 2011·Neural Plasticity·Guillermo Gonzalez-BurgosDavid A Lewis
Oct 1, 2011·PloS One·Emese PrandovszkyGlenn A McConkey
Jan 19, 2012·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Oscar Marín
Feb 23, 2012·Schizophrenia Bulletin·Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, David A Lewis
Mar 27, 2012·Annual Review of Neuroscience·György Buzsáki, Xiao-Jing Wang
Jun 23, 2012·PloS One·Albert CardonaRodney J Douglas
Oct 27, 2012·Experimental Parasitology·Justyna GatkowskaHenryka Dlugonska

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 20, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Louise DunphyJoanne Kitchen
Feb 26, 2021·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Sumit K MattaL David Sibley
Oct 13, 2021·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Rachana D SomaiyaMichael A Fox

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.