Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system: Manifestations vary with immune responses.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Alice K GrahamJian-Qiang Lu

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii (TG), which affects one third of the global human population and commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS)/brain despite the so-called CNS immune privilege. Symptomatic clinical disease of TG infection is much more commonly associated with immunodeficiency; clinicopathological manifestations of CNS toxoplasmosis are linked to individual immune responses including the CNS infiltration of T-cells that are thought to prevent the disease. In patients with autoimmune diseases, immune status is complicated mainly byimmunosuppressant and/or immunomodulatory treatment but typically accompanied by infiltration of T-cells that supposedly fight against toxoplasmosis. In this article, we review characteristics of CNS toxoplasmosis comparatively in immunocompromised patients, immunocompetent patients, and patients with coexisting autoimmune diseases, as well as CNS immune responses to toxoplasmosis with a representative case to demonstrate brain lesions at different stages. In addition to general understanding of CNS toxoplasmosis, our review reveals that clinical manifestations of CNS toxoplasmosis are commonly nonspecific, and incidental pathological findings...Continue Reading

References

Dec 3, 1992·The New England Journal of Medicine·S B Porter, M A Sande
Mar 1, 1991·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·A ZumlaR Holliman
Jul 1, 1989·Journal of Neurology·F GrayJ Poirier
Nov 1, 1986·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·R M LevyL V Perrett
Sep 1, 1983·Archives of Neurology·M C Bach, R M Armstrong
Nov 1, 1994·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·C A Hunter, J S Remington
May 1, 1996·Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography·T C BrightbillA Ruiz
Jun 23, 1999·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·D ZamirP Weiner
Sep 7, 2000·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·M W Black, J C Boothroyd
Feb 13, 2001·Infection and Immunity·M B NickdelC W Roberts
Apr 26, 2003·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Francisco-Javier San-AndrésAngel del Palacio
Sep 19, 2003·Trends in Microbiology·Antonio Barragan, L David Sibley
Apr 6, 2004·International Journal for Parasitology·Emma H Wilson, Christopher A Hunter
Jun 15, 2004·Lancet·J G Montoya, O Liesenfeld
Aug 23, 2005·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Rajeev M KaushikRanjan Kukreti
May 9, 2006·Clinical Radiology·C E Offiah, I W Turnbull
Jan 17, 2009·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Mario HabekZdenko Mubrin
Apr 8, 2009·Clinical Radiology·R MasamedG M Hathout
Jul 17, 2009·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Gregory Tse LeeAnton A Mlikotic
Aug 12, 2009·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jeffrey L JonesJose G Montoya
Sep 26, 2009·Seminars in Immunopathology·Britta Engelhardt, Lydia Sorokin
Dec 10, 2009·Cellular Microbiology·Henrik Lambert, Antonio Barragan
May 5, 2010·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Emma H WilsonChristopher A Hunter
Jun 1, 2010·Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI·G G Sharath KumarS K Shankar
Oct 7, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Linda M WakimMichael J Bevan
Jan 14, 2011·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Yinon ShapiraNancy Agmon Levin
Apr 3, 2012·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Richard M Ransohoff, Melissa A Brown
Oct 18, 2012·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Leslie L MuldoonEdward A Neuwelt
Feb 27, 2013·Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI·Anita MahadevanShankar Susarla Krishna
Apr 5, 2013·Immunologic Research·Svetlana FischerYehuda Shoenfeld
Sep 3, 2013·Clinical Neuropathology·Seth Lummus, Bette K Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
Nov 7, 2014·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Jian-Qiang LuVivek Mehta
Jan 31, 2015·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Danilo R Bernardo, Nizar Chahin
Apr 23, 2015·Seminars in Immunopathology·Tyler A LandrithEmma H Wilson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Related Papers

Medicinski pregled
K OrovcanecH Dosen
The Practitioner
D Buxton
Maryland State Medical Journal
K L Crawford
Bulletin of the University of Minnesota Hospitals and Minnesota Medical Foundation
F H ADAMS
Ryōikibetsu shōkōgun shirīzu
M Suzuki
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved