Trabecular architecture of the manual elements reflects locomotor patterns in primates

PloS One
Stacey Matarazzo

Abstract

The morphology of trabecular bone has proven sensitive to loading patterns in the long bones and metacarpal heads of primates. It is expected that we should also see differences in the manual digits of primates that practice different methods of locomotion. Primate proximal and middle phalanges are load-bearing elements that are held in different postures and experience different mechanical strains during suspension, quadrupedalism, and knuckle walking. Micro CT scans of the middle phalanx, proximal phalanx and the metacarpal head of the third ray were used to examine the pattern of trabecular orientation in Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobates and Macaca. Several zones, i.e., the proximal ends of both phalanges and the metacarpal heads, were capable of distinguishing between knuckle-walking, quadrupedal, and suspensory primates. Orientation and shape seem to be the primary distinguishing factors but differences in bone volume, isotropy index, and degree of anisotropy were seen across included taxa. Suspensory primates show primarily proximodistal alignment in all zones, and quadrupeds more palmar-dorsal orientation in several zones. Knuckle walkers are characterized by having proximodistal alignment in the proximal ends of the phala...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 23, 2017·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Adam D Sylvester, Claire E Terhune
Jan 19, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Nathan E ThompsonSergio Almécija
Nov 22, 2018·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Habiba Chirchir
May 18, 2019·Journal of Anatomy·Christopher J DunmoreMatthew M Skinner
Oct 14, 2018·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Gabrielle A Russo
Dec 15, 2018·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Simone SukhdeoTimothy M Ryan
Aug 20, 2019·Advanced Materials·Paulina Nuñez BernalRiccardo Levato
May 5, 2021·Journal of Anatomy·Emma E BirdMatthew M Skinner

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Quant
VG Studiomax
Quant 3D
CT Pro
SPSS
Irfanview

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