Tracing the Evolutionary History of the CAP Superfamily of Proteins Using Amino Acid Sequence Homology and Conservation of Splice Sites

Journal of Molecular Evolution
Anup Abraham, Douglas E Chandler

Abstract

Proteins of the CAP superfamily play numerous roles in reproduction, innate immune responses, cancer biology, and venom toxicology. Here we document the breadth of the CAP (Cysteine-RIch Secretory Protein (CRISP), Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-Related) protein superfamily and trace the major events in its evolution using amino acid sequence homology and the positions of exon/intron borders within their genes. Seldom acknowledged in the literature, we find that many of the CAP subfamilies present in mammals, where they were originally characterized, have distinct homologues in the invertebrate phyla. Early eukaryotic CAP genes contained only one exon inherited from prokaryotic predecessors and as evolution progressed an increasing number of introns were inserted, reaching 2-5 in the invertebrate world and 5-15 in the vertebrate world. Focusing on the CRISP subfamily, we propose that these proteins evolved in three major steps: (1) origination of the CAP/PR/SCP domain in bacteria, (2) addition of a small Hinge domain to produce the two-domain SCP-like proteins found in roundworms and anthropoids, and (3) addition of an Ion Channel Regulatory domain, borrowed from invertebrate peptide toxins, to produce full length, three-domain CRI...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 1, 2019·Bioscience Reports·Jie ShengJ Bernd Helms
May 8, 2020·Human Reproduction Update·Avinash S GaikwadMoira K O'Bryan
Jun 10, 2020·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Lena ArévaloEduardo R S Roldan
Feb 25, 2019·Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology·T BasikaH B Ferreira
Aug 24, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Avinash S GaikwadMoira K O'Bryan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
NMR

Software Mentioned

Excel
PDB
BLASTp
PAM
ClustalW
BLAST
BLOSUM
EMBL SMART
UPGMA
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