Tracing the path of Chikungunya virus--evolution and adaptation

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
Lee-Ching Ng, Hapuarachchige C Hapuarachchi

Abstract

Chikungunya fever has caught fresh attention as it raves around the globe. Since the first report of a major outbreak in Kenya in 2004, the disease has travelled across the Indian Ocean to the Indian subcontinent and subsequently to south-east Asia, resulting in millions of cases. Incidentally, the pandemic is panning out in a post-genomic era equipped with advanced molecular and bioinformatics tools that have facilitated the tracing, tracking and dissection of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The rapidly accumulated data and information have offered us a glimpse of the evolution and adaptation of the virus as the pandemic unfolds. This paper reviews the history of the disease and current knowledge of the evolution of CHIKV. The virus is known to have emerged from the sylvatic cycle in Africa, resulting in three genotypes - Western African, Eastern/Central African and Asian. Evidence from Asia suggests that the virus has the potential to return to the forest. Integrating genetic signatures with spatial and temporal data, we present a network that shows the possible geographical routes of the recent spread of CHIKV. Though evolutionary constrains are imposed on arboviruses by their obligations to fulfil the biological criteria of ...Continue Reading

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