Tracking emerging mycotoxins in food: development of an LC-MS/MS method for free and modified Alternaria toxins

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Hannes PuntscherBenedikt Warth

Abstract

Mycotoxins produced by Alternaria fungi are ubiquitous food contaminants, but analytical methods for generating comprehensive exposure data are rare. We describe the development of an LC-MS/MS method covering 17 toxins for investigating the natural occurrence of free and modified Alternaria toxins in tomato sauce, sunflower seed oil, and wheat flour. Target analytes included alternariol (AOH), AOH-3-glucoside, AOH-9-glucoside, AOH-3-sulfate, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), AME-3-glucoside, AME-3-sulfate, altenuene, isoaltenuene, tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin I and II, alterperylenol, stemphyltoxin III, altenusin, and altenuic acid III. Extensive optimization resulted in a time- and cost-effective sample preparation protocol and a chromatographic baseline separation of included isomers. Overall, adequate limits of detection (0.03-9 ng/g) and quantitation (0.6-18 ng/g), intermediate precision (9-44%), and relative recovery values (75-100%) were achieved. However, stemphyltoxin III, AOH-3-sulfate, AME-3-sulfate, altenusin, and altenuic acid III showed recoveries in wheat flour below 70%, while their performance was stable and reproducible. Our pilot study with samples from the Austrian retail market demonst...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

May 28, 2019·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Slavica RažićGünter Gauglitz
Dec 6, 2019·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Marina GotthardtMichael Rychlik
Feb 23, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Marina GotthardtMichael Rychlik
Jul 28, 2019·Toxins·Barbara De SantisCarlo Brera
Jul 3, 2019·Frontiers in Nutrition·Hannes PuntscherBenedikt Warth
Oct 5, 2019·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Cornelia SchmutzDoris Marko
Feb 5, 2021·Antioxidants·Alexandros MavrommatisKostas Feggeros
Mar 6, 2021·Mycotoxin Research·Sophie ScheibenzuberMichael Rychlik
Mar 7, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ádám TölgyesiVirender K Sharma
Jul 13, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Anqi ChenYanshen Li
Jul 30, 2021·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Georg AichingerDoris Marko

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chemical
glycosylation

Software Mentioned

Thermo TSQ Tune Master
[UNK] Chromatography Data System
[UNK]

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