Tracking Primary Thermalization Events in Graphene with Photoemission at Extreme Time Scales

Physical Review Letters
Isabella GierzAndrea Cavalleri

Abstract

Direct and inverse Auger scattering are amongst the primary processes that mediate the thermalization of hot carriers in semiconductors. These two processes involve the annihilation or generation of an electron-hole pair by exchanging energy with a third carrier, which is either accelerated or decelerated. Inverse Auger scattering is generally suppressed, as the decelerated carriers must have excess energies higher than the band gap itself. In graphene, which is gapless, inverse Auger scattering is, instead, predicted to be dominant at the earliest time delays. Here, <8  fs extreme-ultraviolet pulses are used to detect this imbalance, tracking both the number of excited electrons and their kinetic energy with time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Over a time window of approximately 25 fs after absorption of the pump pulse, we observe an increase in conduction band carrier density and a simultaneous decrease of the average carrier kinetic energy, revealing that relaxation is in fact dominated by inverse Auger scattering. Measurements of carrier scattering at extreme time scales by photoemission will serve as a guide to ultrafast control of electronic properties in solids for petahertz electronics.

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Citations

Jun 9, 2016·Scientific Reports·Young Keun LeeJeong Young Park
Nov 9, 2016·Structural Dynamics·Isabella Gierz, Andrea Cavalleri
Nov 3, 2016·The Review of Scientific Instruments·G RohdeM Bauer
Nov 19, 2015·Scientific Reports·Faris KadiErmin Malic
May 15, 2018·Science Advances·Andrea TomadinKlaas-Jan Tielrooij
Oct 5, 2016·Nature Communications·S MathiasM Aeschlimann
Mar 2, 2016·Nature Communications·Peter Reimann
Jun 15, 2018·Scientific Reports·Munisa NurmamatAkio Kimura
Jan 5, 2019·Physical Review Letters·G RohdeM Bauer
Mar 24, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Go YumotoRyo Shimano
Sep 25, 2018·Structural Dynamics·Christopher CorderThomas K Allison
Aug 8, 2019·Nature Communications·Edbert J SieNuh Gedik
Sep 26, 2015·Optics Express·Jun YaoJian-Guo Tian
Sep 3, 2016·Physical Review Letters·J C König-OttoS Winnerl
Oct 7, 2020·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Roger W Howell
Oct 10, 2020·Physical Review Letters·Umberto De GiovanniniAngel Rubio
Apr 9, 2021·Science Advances·Sergey KovalevDmitry Turchinovich
Jun 5, 2021·Nano Letters·Sven AeschlimannIsabella Gierz
Mar 8, 2018·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Lin FanWen Li

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