Traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants in urban ambient air: Gas-particle partitioning, size distribution and health implications

The Science of the Total Environment
A de la TorreM A Martínez

Abstract

Urban ambient air samples, including gas-phase (PUF), total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 airborne particle fractions were collected to evaluate gas-particle partitioning and size particle distribution of traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants. Simultaneously, passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed in the same location. Analytes included 33 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechloranes (Dec 602, 603, 604, 605 or Dechorane plus (DP)) and chlordane plus (CP). Clausius-Clapeyron equation, gas-particle partition coefficient (Kp), fraction partitioned onto particles (φ) and human respiratory risk assessment were used to evaluate local or long-distance transport sources, gas-particle partitioning sorption mechanisms, and implications for health, respectively. PBDEs were the FR with the highest levels (13.9pgm-3, median TSP+PUF), followed by DP (1.56pgm-3), mirex (0.78pgm-3), PBEB (0.05pgm-3), and BB-153 (0.04pgm-3). PBDE congener pattern in particulate matter was dominated by BDE-209, while the contribution of more volati...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 21, 2019·Royal Society Open Science·Holly M DixonKim A Anderson
Jan 12, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Qi-Qi LiBi-Xian Mai
Mar 17, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Feifei Shi, Xizeng Feng
Sep 16, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Feifei ShiXizeng Feng
Jun 12, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Jana RůžičkováPavel Kantor
Nov 5, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Ping XiongGuibin Jiang
Oct 23, 2019·Analytical Chemistry·Patricia Belinda Crosby Forbes

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