Traditional Chinese medicine and sports drug testing: identification of natural steroid administration in doping control urine samples resulting from musk (pod) extracts

British Journal of Sports Medicine
Mario ThevisJiri Dvorak

Abstract

The administration of musk extract, that is, ingredients obtained by extraction of the liquid secreted from the preputial gland or resulting grains of the male musk deer (eg, Moschus moschiferus), has been recommended in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applications and was listed in the Japanese pharmacopoeia for various indications requiring cardiovascular stimulation, anti-inflammatory medication or androgenic hormone therapy. Numerous steroidal components including cholesterol, 5α-androstane-3,17-dione, 5β-androstane-3,17-dione, androsterone, etiocholanolone, epiandrosterone, 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and the corresponding urea adduct 3α-ureido-androst-4-en-17-one were characterised as natural ingredients of musk over several decades, implicating an issue concerning doping controls if used for the treatment of elite athletes. In the present study, the impact of musk extract administration on sports drug testing results of five females competing in an international sporting event is reported. In the course of routine doping controls, adverse analytical findings concerning the athletes' steroid profile, corroborated by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) data, were obtained. The athletes' m...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 31, 2013·Steroids·Yi HeZhenwen He
Dec 30, 2014·Drug Testing and Analysis·Mario ThevisWilhelm Schänzer
Apr 26, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Jiri DvorakYannis P Pitsiladis
Mar 19, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Hans GeyerMario Thevis
Aug 27, 2017·Drug Testing and Analysis·Jingzhu WangWenning Yang
Aug 19, 2018·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·Yi HeJingfang Zhang
Nov 29, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Mario ThevisWilhelm Schänzer
Jul 28, 2020·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Changlin ZhangYuanqi Zhao
Apr 1, 2017·Singapore Medical Journal·Foon Yin Fung, Yeh Ching Linn
Oct 26, 2021·Drug Testing and Analysis·Mario ThevisHans Geyer

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