Trained Immunity: An Underlying Driver of Inflammatory Atherosclerosis.

Frontiers in Immunology
Chao ZhongJun Yu

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The persistence of low-grade vascular inflammation has been considered to fuel the development of atherosclerosis. However, fundamental mechanistic understanding of the establishment of non-resolving low-grade inflammation is lacking, and a large number of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular complications cannot be prevented by current therapeutic regimens. Trained immunity is an emerging new concept describing a prolonged hyperactivation of the innate immune system after exposure to certain stimuli, leading to an augmented immune response to a secondary stimulus. While it exerts beneficial effects for host defense against invading pathogens, uncontrolled persistent innate immune activation causes chronic inflammatory diseases. In light of the above, the long-term over-activation of the innate immune system conferred by trained immunity has been recently hypothesized to serve as a link between non-resolving vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on trained immunity triggered by various exogenous and endogenous inducers, with particular em...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 28, 2020·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Ying ShaoXiaofeng Yang
Jan 5, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Moises A HuamanDavid Y Hui
Jan 14, 2021·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Beniamino PalmieriLucia Palmieri
Oct 12, 2020·Cytokine·Chandan Raybarman, Surajit Bhattacharjee
Jan 13, 2021·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kathrin ThiemRinke Stienstra
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Kui CuiHong Chen
Jan 1, 2021·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Charles DrummerXiaofeng Yang
Apr 6, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Yingxin SunQing Gao
Apr 23, 2021·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Abraham J P TeunissenWillem J M Mulder
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ljubomir VitkovMartin Herrmann
Jun 5, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Susana MagadánÁfrica González-Fernández
Jul 22, 2021·IJC Heart & Vasculature·James S Lawson, Wendy K Glenn
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Anastasia V PoznyakAlexander N Orekhov

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
immunoprecipitation

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