Tranexamic Acid Modulates the Cellular Immune Profile after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice without Hyperfibrinolysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
Dominik F DraxlerRobert L Medcalf

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to promote immunosuppression, making patients more susceptible to infection, yet potentially exerting protective effects by inhibiting central nervous system (CNS) reactivity. Plasmin, the effector protease of the fibrinolytic system, is now recognised for its involvement in modulating immune function. To evaluate the effects of plasmin and tranexamic acid (TXA) on the immune response in wild-type and plasminogen-deficient (plg-/- ) mice subjected to TBI. Leukocyte subsets in lymph nodes and the brain in mice post-TBI were evaluated by flow cytometry and in blood with a haemocytometer. Immune responsiveness to CNS antigens was determined by ELISPOT. Fibrinolysis was determined by thromboelastography, and measuring d-dimer and plasmin-antiplasmin complex levels. Plg-/-  mice, but not plg+/+  mice displayed increases in both the number and activation of various antigen-presenting cells and T cells in the cLN 1 week post-TBI. Wild-type mice treated with TXA also displayed increased cellularity of the cLN 1 week post-TBI together with increases in innate and adaptive immune cells. These changes occurred despite the absence of systemic hyperfibrinolysis or coagulopathy in this model of TBI. Impo...Continue Reading

References

Mar 31, 1998·Journal of Immunological Methods·M McCutcheonE G Spack
Apr 22, 2005·British Journal of Haematology·Gabriela Cesarman-Maus, Katherine A Hajjar
Sep 16, 2005·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Christian MeiselUlrich Dirnagl
Sep 28, 2006·Thrombosis and Haemostasis·Jinan LiTor Ny
Nov 3, 2007·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Karim BrohiRoss A Davenport
Apr 12, 2008·The Journal of Trauma·John A MyburghUNKNOWN New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group
Apr 27, 2011·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Maithili SashindranathRobert Lindsay Medcalf
Nov 3, 2011·Journal of Neurotrauma·Jiunn-Horng Kang, Herng-Ching Lin
May 9, 2012·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Tatiana SyrovetsThomas Simmet
Sep 27, 2012·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Daniel Frith, Karim Brohi
Nov 3, 2012·Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology·Edward F PlowRiku Das
Nov 28, 2012·Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH·I RazaK Brohi
Jan 22, 2013·The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery·Alexander F L LaterRobert J M Klautz
Nov 22, 2013·The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery·Michael P ChapmanAnirban Banerjee
Mar 13, 2014·Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH·K HultmanE H Norris
May 17, 2014·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Ludger KleinKristin A Hogquist
Jun 5, 2014·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Be'eri Niego, Robert L Medcalf
Jan 13, 2015·Transfusion Medicine Reviews·Dominik F Draxler, Robert L Medcalf
Feb 28, 2015·Behavioural Brain Research·M SashindranathR L Medcalf
Nov 26, 2015·Frontiers in Neurology·Jon HazeldineAntonio Belli
Aug 2, 2016·British Journal of Haematology·Krasimir Kolev, Colin Longstaff
Sep 28, 2016·Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis·Dominik F DraxlerRobert L Medcalf
Oct 25, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Paul S MylesUNKNOWN ATACAS Investigators of the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network
Mar 10, 2017·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Maureen A ShawEric S Mullins
Apr 25, 2017·Clinical & Translational Immunology·Thi Ho NguyenKatherine Kedzierska
Jul 22, 2017·Journal of Intensive Care·Takeshi NishidaKazuma Yamakawa
Oct 6, 2017·Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH·C TersteegK Vanhoorelbeke
Feb 10, 2018·Journal of Neurotrauma·Rodney M RitzelDavid J Loane
Jan 13, 2017·Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open·Lena M Napolitano
Aug 2, 2018·Cell Reports·Iain MillerSabrina L Spencer
May 28, 2019·Blood Advances·Dominik F DraxlerRobert L Medcalf

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 28, 2020·ANZ Journal of Surgery·Dominik F Draxler, Robert L Medcalf
Aug 31, 2020·Cellular Signalling·Beate HeissigKoichi Hattori
Jun 3, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Stuart HastingsRobert L Medcalf
Jun 16, 2021·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Chloe A MutimerRobert L Medcalf
Jul 3, 2021·Life·Bashir BietarAndrew W Stadnyk

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cell Migration

Cell migration is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, cancer metastasis, blood vessel formation and remoulding, tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and inflammation. Here is the latest research.

Blood Clotting Disorders

Thrombophilia includes conditions with increased tendency for excessive blood clotting. Blood clotting occurs when the body has insufficient amounts of specialized proteins that make blood clot and stop bleeding. Here is the latest research on blood clotting disorders.

Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.