Trans-membrane area asymmetry controls the shape of cellular organelles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Galina V BeznoussenkoAlexander A Mironov

Abstract

Membrane organelles often have complicated shapes and differ in their volume, surface area and membrane curvature. The ratio between the surface area of the cytosolic and luminal leaflets (trans-membrane area asymmetry (TAA)) determines the membrane curvature within different sites of the organelle. Thus, the shape of the organelle could be critically dependent on TAA. Here, using mathematical modeling and stereological measurements of TAA during fast transformation of organelle shapes, we present evidence that suggests that when organelle volume and surface area are constant, TAA can regulate transformation of the shape of the Golgi apparatus, endosomal multivesicular bodies, and microvilli of brush borders of kidney epithelial cells. Extraction of membrane curvature by small spheres, such as COPI-dependent vesicles within the Golgi (extraction of positive curvature), or by intraluminal vesicles within endosomes (extraction of negative curvature) controls the shape of these organelles. For instance, Golgi tubulation is critically dependent on the fusion of COPI vesicles with Golgi cisternae, and vice versa, for the extraction of membrane curvature into 50-60 nm vesicles, to induce transformation of Golgi tubules into cisternae...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 13, 2020·Histochemistry and Cell Biology·Irina S SesorovaAlexander A Mironov
Aug 24, 2019·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Alexander A Mironov, Galina V Beznoussenko
Oct 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alexander A MironovGalina V Beznoussenko
Aug 10, 2020·Nature Communications·Valeria CapaciGiannino Del Sal

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
electron tomography

Software Mentioned

PRISM
AnalySis
WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA
ImageJ
IMOD

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