Transcription Profiling Demonstrates Epigenetic Control of Non-retroviral RNA Virus-Derived Elements in the Human Genome

Cell Reports
Kozue SofukuKeizo Tomonaga

Abstract

Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) are DNA sequences in vertebrate genomes formed by the retrotransposon-mediated integration of ancient bornavirus sequence. Thus, EBLNs evidence a mechanism of retrotransposon-mediated RNA-to-DNA information flow from environment to animals. Although EBLNs are non-transposable, they share some features with retrotransposons. Here, to test whether hosts control the expression of EBLNs similarly to retrotransposons, we profiled the transcription of all Homo sapiens EBLNs (hsEBLN-1 to hsEBLN-7). We could detect transcription of all hsEBLNs in at least one tissue. Among them, hsEBLN-1 is transcribed almost exclusively in the testis. In most tissues, expression from the hsEBLN-1 locus is silenced epigenetically. Finally, we showed the possibility that hsEBLN-1 integration at this locus affects the expression of a neighboring gene. Our results suggest that hosts regulate the expression of endogenous non-retroviral virus elements similarly to how they regulate the expression of retrotransposons, possibly contributing to new transcripts and regulatory complexity to the human genome.

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Citations

Aug 12, 2016·Mobile Genetic Elements·Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga
Aug 16, 2016·PLoS Pathogens·Yuki KobayashiYoshiyuki Suzuki
Jan 1, 2016·Uirusu·Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga
Jul 6, 2018·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Yahiro MukaiKeizo Tomonaga
Jun 21, 2019·Journal of Virology·Ignacio Valencia-HerreraGloria Arriagada
Feb 15, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Felix Broecker, Karin Moelling
Jan 27, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Shohei KojimaKeizo Tomonaga
Dec 19, 2020·Scientific Reports·Tomoyuki HondaKeiji Ueda

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