Transcriptome changes in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to food-grade titanium dioxide (E171): contribution of the nano- and micro- sized particles

Scientific Reports
Héloïse ProquinJacob J Briedé

Abstract

The food additive titanium dioxide (TiO2), or E171, is a white food colorant. Recent studies showed after E171 ingestion a significantly increased number of colorectal tumours in a colorectal cancer mouse model as well as inflammatory responses and dysregulation of the immune system in the intestine of rats. In the mouse colon, E171 induced gene expression changes related to oxidative stress, impairment of the immune system, activation of signalling and cancer-related processes. E171 comprises nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs). Previous in vitro studies showed that E171, NPs and MPs induced oxidative stress responses, DNA damage and micronuclei formation. This study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of the NPs and MPs to effects of E171 at the transcriptome level in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells by genome wide microarray analysis. The results showed that E171, NPs, and MPs induce gene expression changes related to signalling, inflammation, immune system, transport and cancer. At the pathway level, metabolism of proteins with the insulin processing pathway and haemostasis were specific to E171 exposure. The gene expression changes associated with the immune system and inflammation induced by E171, MPs, an...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 2021·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Lin Liu, Lu Kong
Oct 18, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Estefany I Medina-ReyesJosé Pedraza-Chaverri
May 6, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yung-Li WangHui-Wen Chiu
Feb 8, 2022·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Estefany I Medina-ReyesJosé Pedraza-Chaverri

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE110410

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Scanning Electron Microscopy
ubiquitination
dynamic light scattering
Feature extraction

Software Mentioned

Babelomics
Linear Mixed Model Analysis for Microarrays ( LIMMA )
LIMMA
ORA
CPBD
R
GenePattern
CPDB

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