Transdermal delivery of carvedilol containing glycyrrhizin and chitosan as permeation enhancers: biochemical, biophysical, microscopic and pharmacodynamic evaluation

Drug Delivery
Bharti SapraAshok K Tiwary

Abstract

The present study was aimed at unveiling the influence of glycyrrhizin and chitosan on rat epidermis and to correlate these effects with percutaneous permeation characteristics of carvedilol. The permeation of carvedilol across excised rat epidermis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) when glycyrrhizin, chitosan, or glycyrrhizin-chitosan mixture was used as a donor vehicle as compared to propylene glycol:ethanol (7:3) mixture. Epidermis obtained after 12 hr treatment of viable rat skin with a glycyrrhizin-chitosan mixture showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) permeability to carvedilol as compared to that after treatment with glycyrrhizin or chitosan alone. Further, the application of patches containing glycyrrhizin-chitosan mixture resulted in sustained release of carvedilol, which was able to control the hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate induced hypertensive rats through 28 hr. Estimation of microconstituents in rat epidermis revealed maximum extraction of cholesterol, sphingosine, and triglycerides after treatment with glycyrrhizin-chitosan mixture. This was manifested in altered lipid and protein-specific thermotropic transitions. Further, increase in intercellular space, disordered lipid structure and corneocyte...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 6, 2012·Therapeutic Delivery·Sevgi Güngör, Yildiz Ozsoy
Dec 25, 2015·Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ : the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society·Abdul AhadMohd Aqil
Feb 1, 2014·Archives of Dermatological Research·Umesh K Patil, Richa Saraogi
Nov 7, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·A Ligia FocsanLowell D Kispert
Sep 9, 2017·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Xitong SuPeng Zhang
Mar 4, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Olga Yu SelyutinaNikolay E Polyakov
Aug 29, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Szymon SipJudyta Cielecka-Piontek

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