PMID: 2503604Jun 1, 1989Paper

Transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel. IV: Evaluation of membranes

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
D R FriendM Okagaki

Abstract

A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the flux of levonorgestrel (LN), ethyl acetate (EtAc), and ethanol (EtOH) through excised rat skin, through a variety of synthetic membranes and through membranes supported on rat skin. Using a donor phase of EtAc:EtOH (7:3) containing excess solid LN, the flux of LN through rat skin was approximately 1.0 microgramc/cm2.h. The normalized fluxes of LN, EtAc, and EtOH through ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymers of varying vinyl acetate (VAc) content (12 to 25%) were 1.3 to 3.1 x 10(-8), 2.6 to 6.8 x 10(-4), and 4.8 to 9.9 x 10(-5) g.cm/cm2.h, respectively. Permeability experiments were also performed with the EVAc membranes supported on rat skin. By selecting the VAc content and thickness of the EVAc membranes, it was possible to control the delivery of enhancer (EtAc:EtOH) through rat skin (membrane-rate control) or to let the skin control the overall delivery of enhancer.

Citations

Jan 1, 1991·Medicinal Research Reviews·D R Friend
May 4, 2012·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Shiow-Fern NgGillian M Eccleston
Sep 1, 1991·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·D R FriendJ R Hill
Jul 1, 1989·Contraception·D R FriendS Phillips

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