Transfer of metals in the liquids of electronic cigarettes.

Inhalation Toxicology
Efthimios ZervasParaskevi Katsaounou

Abstract

Objectives: E-cigarettes are electronic devices containing a liquid that usually consists of a mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol and nicotine, with or without flavorings, in various concentrations. A vapor or aerosol is produced, and inhaled from the user, when this liquid is heated by a heating coil. This work examines the impact of three parameters (e-liquid composition, nicotine content and air flow) on the transfer of metals' from the heating coils to the e-liquids.Materials and methods: A distillation unit was used, where 20ml of an e-liquid were boiled with two commercial heating elements. Four e-liquids: 100% Propylene Glycol, 100% Glycerol, 50/50% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol, 33.3/33.3/33.3% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol/Water, three nicotine contents: 0, 0.4 and 0.8% per volume and three air flows: 0, 0.5 and 1.0 L/min, were used. The liquids were analyzed by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry to determine the final content of metals.Results and discussion: Five metals, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, were found to be transferred from the heating coils to the e-liquids. The transfer of those metals increases with air flow and nicotine concentration, while e-liquid composition also has a significant impact. Glycerol...Continue Reading

References

Aug 26, 2006·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·Nan Jiang, Arthur J Ragauskas
Feb 10, 2012·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Frederick J AntoszAndrew J Jensen
May 29, 2012·Nature Protocols·Jessica M HooverShannon S Stahl
Mar 8, 2013·Tobacco Control·Maciej Lukasz GoniewiczNeal Benowitz
Oct 30, 2014·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kanae BekkiNaoki Kunugita
Jul 28, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Mohamad SleimanHugo Destaillats
Nov 5, 2016·Environmental Research·Catherine Ann HessAna Maria Rule
Apr 30, 2017·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Mi-Sun LeeDavid C Christiani
Feb 23, 2018·Environmental Health Perspectives·Pablo OlmedoAna M Rule
Apr 22, 2018·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Eleni KamilariMalvina G Orkoula
Jun 7, 2018·Environmental Health Perspectives·Carrie Arnold
Sep 8, 2018·PloS One·Shin Ae KimJeffrey J Kim
May 12, 2019·Environmental Research·Chae-Jin NaYoun-Suk Son
May 28, 2019·Environmental Research·Monique WilliamsPrue Talbot
Jan 1, 2018·Aerosol Science and Technology : the Journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research·Daniel J ConklinSanjay Srivastava

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 4, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Naudia GrayR Steven Pappas

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.