Transferrins and heme-compounds as iron sources for pathogenic bacteria
Abstract
The low concentration of free iron in body fluids creates bacteriostatic conditions for many microorganisms and is therefore an important defense factor of the body against invading bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria have developed several mechanisms for acquiring iron from the host. Siderophore-mediated iron uptake involves the synthesis of low molecular weight iron chelators called siderophores which compete with the host iron-binding glycoproteins lactoferrin (LF) and transferrin (TF) for iron. Other ways to induce iron uptake, without the mediation of siderophores, are the possession of outer membrane protein receptors that actually recognize the complex of TF or LF with iron, resulting in the internalization of this metal, and the use of heme-compounds released into the circulation after lysis of erythrocytes. In this review, the nonsiderophore-mediated iron-uptake systems used by certain pathogenic bacteria are emphasized. The possible contribution of these iron-uptake systems to the virulence of pathogens is also discussed.
References
Comparative analysis of the transferrin and lactoferrin binding proteins in the family Neisseriaceae
Retrospective analysis of two hundred and twelve cases of bacteremia due to anaerobic microorganisms
Citations
Requirement of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa tonB gene for high-affinity iron acquisition and infection
Phase variation of HpuAB and HmbR, two distinct haemoglobin receptors of Neisseria meningitidis DNM2
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